Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive gynaecological cancers and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage because early symptoms can be subtle and easily overlooked. It occurs when abnormal cells in or near the ovaries begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumours. Dr. Gopal Sharma, a renowned Gynecologic Oncologist Doctor in Delhi mentions that these cancerous cells can spread to other parts of the body, making early diagnosis crucial for effective treatment.
Causes of Ovarian Cancer
While the exact cause of ovarian cancer remains unknown, certain risk factors significantly raise the likelihood of developing the disease.
Age: Ovarian cancer is more common in older women, particularly those over the age of 50, with the majority of cases occurring post-menopause.
Genetic Mutations: Women with inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a much higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. Other genetic syndromes like Lynch syndrome can also increase the risk.
Family History: An increased risk of ovarian cancer in women is associated with a family history of colorectal, breast, or ovarian cancer.
Hormonal and Reproductive History: Prolonged use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), early menstruation, late menopause, and infertility treatments are associated with a higher risk.
Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, lack of exercise, and smoking are additional factors that may contribute to the development of ovarian cancer.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer symptoms are often vague, particularly in the early stages. Common symptoms may include:
- Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Frequent urination or urinary urgency
Since these symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, it’s essential to consult a doctor if they persist or worsen over time.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
Diagnosing ovarian cancer involves a combination of tests and exams.
Pelvic Exam: Doctors will perform a pelvic examination to check for masses or abnormalities.
Ultrasound and Imaging Tests: Transvaginal ultrasound, CT scans, and MRIs help visualize the ovaries and identify suspicious growths.
Blood Tests: A CA-125 blood test can detect elevated levels of a protein commonly associated with ovarian cancer, though it’s not conclusive.
Biopsy: A definitive diagnosis requires a biopsy, where a sample of tissue is taken from the ovaries and analyzed for cancer cells.
Treatment Options for Ovarian Cancer
Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on factors such as the stage of cancer, the patient’s age, and overall health. Key treatment options include:
Surgery: One of the primary therapies for ovarian cancer is surgery. Depending on the stage, this may involve removing one or both ovaries, fallopian tubes, or the uterus. Advanced cases may also require the removal of surrounding tissues and lymph nodes.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is typically used after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells. It can sometimes be used to reduce tumour size before surgery.
Targeted Therapy: Advanced treatments, like PARP inhibitors, are used to block specific pathways cancer cells use to survive and spread, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations.
Radiation Therapy: Though less common for ovarian cancer, radiation therapy may be used in specific cases to kill cancer cells that remain after surgery.
Dr. Gopal Sharma – Expert in Gynaecological Cancer Treatment
Dr. Gopal Sharma is a highly regarded oncologist in Delhi, known for his expertise in treating ovarian cancer. As a leading Gynecologic Oncologist Doctor in Delhi, Dr. Sharma practices at Max Hospital and provides cutting-edge treatments for women diagnosed with gynaecological cancers. His patient-centered approach and extensive experience make him one of the most trusted names in the field of oncology.
Conclusion
Ovarian cancer is a serious and often silent disease, but with early detection and advanced treatment options, survival rates can improve. The key is to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms and to seek regular medical check-ups, especially if you’re at higher risk. With experienced oncologists like Dr. Gopal Sharma, patients in Delhi have access to world-class cancer care. Prioritize your health and consult a specialist if you notice any persistent symptoms.