Head & Neck Oncology

Head and neck oncology is a specialized field within medicine that focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing tumours located in the head and neck region. These tumours can affect various structures such as the oral cavity, throat, larynx, sinuses, salivary glands, and thyroid gland. With the intricate anatomy and vital functions of these structures, addressing oncological conditions in this area requires expertise and precision.

The incidence of head and neck cancers has been on the rise globally, with factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, viral infections (such as human papillomavirus), and environmental exposures playing significant roles in the development of these malignancies. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer.

Diagnosis in head and neck oncology often begins with a comprehensive evaluation, including a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Biopsy and pathological examination of tissue samples are essential for confirming the diagnosis and determining the specific type and stage of cancer.

Treatment approaches in head and neck oncology are multidisciplinary, involving collaboration among various healthcare professionals, including otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and speech therapists. The treatment plan is tailored to each patient’s individual needs, taking into account factors such as the type and stage of cancer, overall health status, and patient preferences.

Surgery is often a primary treatment modality for localized tumours in the head and neck region. Advances in surgical techniques, including minimally invasive procedures and robotic-assisted surgery, have improved outcomes and reduced complications for patients undergoing surgical resection of tumours In cases where surgery alone may not be sufficient, adjuvant therapies such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be recommended to target any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the management of head and neck cancer, either as a primary treatment modality or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton therapy are advanced techniques that allow for precise targeting of tumour cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues, thereby reducing side effects and improving treatment outcomes.

Chemotherapy may be used in conjunction with other treatment modalities to help shrink tumors before surgery, or as part of a comprehensive approach to treat advanced or metastatic head and neck cancer. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have also emerged as promising options for certain types of head and neck cancers, offering more effective and less toxic alternatives to traditional chemotherapy.

In addition to medical and surgical interventions, supportive care and rehabilitation are integral components of head and neck oncology. Speech therapy, swallowing therapy, nutritional support, and psychosocial services play vital roles in helping patients regain function and improve their quality of life during and after cancer treatment.

As patients navigate their journey through head and neck cancer diagnosis and treatment, having access to knowledgeable and compassionate healthcare professionals is paramount. Dr. Gopal Sharma, recognized as one of the leading head and neck oncology experts, brings extensive experience and expertise to his practice. With a commitment to delivering personalized care and utilising the latest advancements in treatment, Dr. Sharma empowers his patients to make informed decisions and achieve the best possible outcomes.